Melbourne (pronunciation:
/ˈmɛlbən/, locally also [ˈmælbən, -bn̩) is
the capital and most populous city in the state of Victoria, and the second most
populous city in Australia. The Melbourne City Centre (also known as the
"Central Business District" or "CBD") is the hub of the
greater geographical area (or "metropolitan area") and the Census
statistical division—of which "Melbourne" is the common name. As of
June 2009, the greater geographical area had an approximate population of four
million. Inhabitants of Melbourne are called Melburnians.
The metropolis is located
on the large natural bay known as Port Phillip, with the city centre positioned
at the estuary of the Yarra River (at the northern-most point of the bay). The
metropolitan area then extends south from the city centre, along the eastern
and western shorelines of Port Phillip, and expands into the hinterland. The
city centre is situated in the municipality known as the City of Melbourne, and
the metropolitan area consists of a further 30 municipalities.
It was founded in 1835 (47
years after the European settlement of Australia) by settlers from Van Diemen's
Land. It was named by Governor Richard Bourke in 1837, in honour of William Lamb—the
2nd Viscount Melbourne. Melbourne was officially declared a city by Queen
Victoria in 1847. In 1851, it became the capital city of the newly created
colony of Victoria. During the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s, it was
transformed into one of the world's largest and wealthiest cities. After the
federation of Australia in 1901, it then served as the interim seat of
government of the newly created nation of Australia until 1927.
Today, it is a centre for
the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, sport and tourism. It is the
birthplace of cultural institutions such as Australian film (as well as the
world's first feature film), Australian television, Australian rules football,
the Australian impressionist art movement (known as the Heidelberg School) and
Australian dance styles (such as New Vogue and the Melbourne Shuffle). It is
also a major centre for contemporary and traditional Australian music. It is
often referred to as the "cultural capital of Australia".
Melbourne has been ranked
as one of the top three World's Most Livable Cities by the Economist Group's Intelligence
Unit (since 2002), top 10 Global University Cities by RMIT's Global University
Cities Index (since 2006) and top 20 Global Innovation Cities by the 2thinknow
Global Innovation Agency (since 2007). The metropolis is also home to the world's
largest tram network. The main airport serving Melbourne is Melbourne Airport.
Early history and
foundation
Before the arrival of
European settlers, the area was occupied for an estimated 31,000 to 40,000
years by under 20,000 hunter-gatherers from three indigenous regional tribes:
the Wurundjeri, Boonwurrung and Wathaurong. The area was an important meeting
place for the clans of the Kulin nation alliance, as well as a vital source of
food and water. The first European settlement in Victoria was established in
1803 on Sullivan Bay, near present-day Sorrento, but this settlement was
abandoned due to a perceived lack of resources. It would be 30 years before
another settlement was attempted.
In May and June 1835, the
area that is now central and northern Melbourne was explored by John Batman, a
leading member of the Tasmanian Port Phillip Association, who negotiated a
purchase of 600,000 acres (2,400 km2) with eight Wurundjeri elders. Batman
selected a site on the northern bank of the Yarra River, declaring that
"this will be the place for a village", and returned to Launceston in
Tasmania (then known as Van Diemen's Land). By the time a settlement party from
the Association arrived to set up the new village, a separate group organised
and financed by John Pascoe Fawkner had already arrived (on 30 August 1835)
aboard his ship the Enterprize and established a settlement at the same
location. The two groups ultimately agreed to share the settlement.
Batman's Treaty with the
Aborigines was annulled by the New South Wales government (which at the time
governed all of eastern mainland Australia), which compensated the Association.
Although this meant the settlers were now trespassing on Crown land, the
government reluctantly accepted the settlers' fait accompli and allowed the
town (known at first by various names, including 'Batmania' and 'Dutergalla') to
remain.
In 1836, Governor Bourke
declared the city the administrative capital of the Port Phillip District of
New South Wales, and commissioned the first plan for the city, the Hoddle Grid,
in 1837. Later that year the settlement was named Melbourne after the current
British prime minister William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, who resided in the
village of Melbourne in Derbyshire. The General Post Office opened under that
name on 13 April 1837. Melbourne was declared a city by letters patent of Queen
Victoria, issued on 25 June 1847.
The Port Phillip District
became the separate Colony of Victoria in 1851, with Melbourne as its capital.
Abbotsford
Aberfeldie
Airport West
Albanvale
Albert Park
Albion
Alphington
Altona Meadows
Altona North
Altona
Ardeer
Armadale
Arthurs Creek
Ascot Vale
Ashburton
Ashwood
Aspendale
Aspendale Gardens
Attwood
Discovery Holiday Park-Melbourne
Airport
37 Ardlie Street
03 9333 1619
Auburn
Aurora
Avondale Heights
Avonsleigh
Balaclava
Balwyn
Balwyn North
Bangholme
Banyule
Baxter
Bayswater
Bayswater North
Beaconsfield
Beaumaris
Bedford Road
Belgrave
Puffing Billy Railway
Old Monbulk Road
03 9757 0700
ACCOMMODATION
Glen Harrow Gardens
Cottages
Old Monbulk Road
03 9754 3232
Belgrave Heights
Belgrave South
Bellfield
Belvedere Park
Bend of Islands
Bennettswood
Bentleigh
Bentleigh East
Berwick
Bittern
Black Rock
Blackburn
Blackburn North
Blackburn South
Blairgowrie
Bonbeach
Boronia
Box Hill
Box Hill North
Box Hill South
Braeside
Braybrook
Ashley Gardens Big Four
Holiday Village
129 Ashley Street
03 9318 6866
Briar Hill
Brighton
Brighton East
Broadmeadows
Brookfield
Brooklyn
Brunswick
Brunswick East
Brunswick West
Bulla
Bulleen
Bundoora
Burnley
Burnside
Burnside Heights
Burwood
Burwood East
Cairnlea
Calder Park
Camberwell
Campbellfield
Canterbury
Carlton North
Carlton
Melbourne Museum
Rathdowne St
03 9663 5454
IMAX Theatre
Melbourne Museum
03 9663 5454
Carnegie
Caroline Springs
Carrum
Carrum Downs
Discovery Holiday Park
1165 Frankston-Dandenong
Road
03 9782 1292
Discovery Holiday Park
1325 Frankston-Dandenong
Road
03 9786 8355
Caulfield
Central Park
Chadstone
Chelsea
Discovery Holiday Park
100 Broadway
03 9772 2485
Chelsea Heights
South East Holiday Village
29 Wells Road
03 9772 8436
Cheltenham
Chirnside Park
Clarinda
Clayton
Clayton South
Clematis
Clifton Hill
Coatesville
Coburg
Melbourne Big4 Holiday
Park
265 Elizabeth Street
03 9354 3533
Coburg North
Cocoroc
Coldstream
Collingwood
Coolaroo
Cottles Bridge
Cromer
Craigieburn
Apollo Gardens Tourist
Park
284-290 Hume Highway
03 9305 5656
Cranbourne
Royal Botanic Gardens
Cranbourne
corner of Ballarto Road
and Botanic Dr
open daily from 9 AM to 5
PM
03 5990 2200
Cremorne
Crib Point
Croydon
Croydon Hills
Croydon North
Croydon South
Dallas
Dandenong
Dandenong North
Dandenong South
Darling
Deer Park
Delahey
Dendy
Derrimut
Diamond Creek
Dingley Village
Docklands
Icehouse
105 Pearl River Road
Doncaster
Crystal Brook Holiday
Centre
182 Heidelberg-Warrandyte
Rd
03 9844 3637
Discovery Holiday Park
182 Heidelberg-Warrandyte
Rd, East Doncaster
03 9844 3637
Doncaster East
Donnybrook
Donvale
Doreen
Doveton
Dromana
Eaglemont
East Melbourne
Edithvale
Elsternwick
Rippon Lee Historic House
and Gardens
192 Hotham Street
open daily from 10 AM to 5
PM (September to April)
Thursday to Sunday from 10
AM to 5 PM (May to August)
03 9523 6095
Eltham
Eltham North
Elwood
Emerald
Endeavour Hills
Epping
Essendon Fields
Essendon North
Essendon West
Essendon
Eumemmerring
Fairfield
Fawkner
Ferntree Gully
The Villa Renaissance
Retreat
75 Underwood Road
03 9758 0551
Ferny Creek
Fitzroy
Fitzroy North
Flemington
Footscray
Forest Hill
Frankston
Discovery Holiday Park
1325 Frankston-Dandenong
Road, Carrum Downs
03 9786 8355
Frankston North
Frankston South
Gardenvale
Gladstone Park
Glen Huntly
Glen Iris
Glen Waverley
Glenroy
Gowanbrae
Greensborough
Greenvale Lakes
Greenvale
Guys Hill
Hadfield
Hallam
Hampton
Hampton East
Hampton Park
Harkaway
Hawksburh
Hawthorn
Hawthorn East
Heatherdale
Heatherton
Heathmont
Heidelberg
Heidelberg Heights
Heidelberg West
Highett
Highpoint City
Hillside
Hoddles Creek
Holmnsglen
Hopetoun Gardens
Hoppers Crossing
Houston
Hughesdale
Huntingdale
Hurstbridge
Ivanhoe
Ivanhoe East
Jacana
Jolimont, District of Melbourne
Junction Village
Kalkallo
Kalorama
Kangaroo Ground
Karingal
Kealba
Keilor
Keilor Downs
Keilor East
Keilor Lodge
Keilor North
Keilor Park
Kensington
Keon Park
Kerrimuir
Kew
Kew East
Keysborough
Kilsyth
Kilsyth South
Lakeside Cottage
11 Tereddan Dr
03 9761 9791
Kings Park
Kingsbury
Kingsville
Knox City Centre
Knoxfield
Kooyong
Kurunjang
Laburnum
Lalor
Langwarrin
Langwarrin South
Launching Place
Laverton
Laverton North
Lilydale
Lower Plenty
Lynbrook
Lyndhurst
Lysterfield
Lysterfield South
Macclesfield
McCrae
McKinnon
Macleod
Maidstone
Malvern
Malvern East
Maribyrnong
Meadow Heights
Melbourne 3000
Melbourne Visitor Centre
Cnr Flinders and Swanston
Streets
(03) 9658 9658
Old Melbourne Gaol
famous bushranger Nick
Kelly was hanged here
Russell Street
open daily 9:30 AM to 5 PM
03 8663 7228
Shrine of Remembrance
St Kilda Road
open daily 10 AM to 5 PM
03 9661 8100
Melbourne Aquarium
corner of King and
Flinders Street
open daily 9:30 AM to 6 PM
03 9923 5999
Immigration Museum
400 Flinders Street
open daily 10 AM to 5 PM
Screen Worlds
the story of film,
television and digital culture
Federation Square
free and open daily 10 AM
to 6 PM
Queen Victoria Market
corner of Elizabeth and
Victoria streets
Tuesday and Thursday 6 AM
to 2 PM
Friday 6 AM to 5 PM
Saturday 6 AM to 3 PM
Sunday 9 AM to 4 PM
Melbourne Museum
Eureka Skydeck
open 10 AM to 5 PM daily
Riverside Quay, Southbank
03 9693 8888
Bunyip Tours
295 King Street
03 8622 2600
Colonial Tramcar
Restaurant
03 9696 4000
Spirit of Melbourne
Cruising Restaurant
03 8610 2600
JR Duty Free
185 Swanston Street
03 9663 0533
The Block Arcade
03 9654 5244
Crown Entertainment
Complex
8 Whiteman Street
1800 at 18088
James Squire Brewhouse
From the full-bodied
Portland Pale Ale to the heady Craic Stout and a range of seasonal and festival
inspired brews the Malt Shovel Brewers expertly craft fresh and flavoursome
beers.
Open daily.
115 Russell Street
James Squire Brewhouse
- Waterfront City
James Squire was the first
Australian to establish hand crafted brews way back in 1794. Today the
tradition continues with the entire range of some of Australias finest boutique
beers available on tap at James Squire Brewhouse & Restaurant - Waterfront
City.
Open daily
Docklands Drive, Docklands
Temple Brewing Company
Temple Brewing Company is
dedicated to brewing distinctive handcrafted beers from the finest ingredients.
The range of premium beers includes Temple Pale Ale, Temple Special Bitter,
Temple Saison and soon to be released Temple Golden Ale.
Open by appointment
Exhibition Street
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
CityLink
SkyBus
V/Line
Metlink
131638
ACCOMMODATION
YHAs & BACKPACKERS
Melbourne Central YHA
562 Flinders Street
03 9621 2523
The Greenhouse Backpacker
228 Flinders Lane
1800 249207
All Nations Backpackers
Hotel and Bar
2 Spencer Street
1800 222238
Central Melbourne
Accommodation
21 Bromham Place
03 9427 9826
Melbourne International
Backpackers
450 Elizabeth Street
1800 557891
Flinders Station
Backpackers
35 Elizabeth Street
1800 031881
Nomads Melbourne
198 A’beckett Street
1800 447762
MELBOURNE AIRPORT
Melton
Melton Visitor Information
Centre
323 High Street
open 9 AM to 5 PM daily
03 9747 7300
Mentone
Menzies Creek
Merlynston
Mernda
Mickleham
Middle Camberwell
Middle Park
Middle Park
Hotel
102 Canterbury
Rd
03 9690 1958
Milgate Park Estate
Mill Park
Mitcham
Monbulk
Mont Albert
Mont Albert North
Montmorency
Montrose
Moreland
Moonee Ponds
Moorabbin Airport
Moorabbin
2 Brothers Brewery
Described as an oasis in a
sea of industry, 2 Brothers Brewery and Beerhall located in Moorabbin may be
one of Bayside Melbournes best kept secrets. Visitors to the Beerhall rarely
believe what they see.
Open Thursday & Friday evenings
Joyner Street
Moorooduc
Mooroolbark
Mordialloc
Mornington
Mount Cottrell
Mount Dandenong
Mount Eliza
Mount Evelyn
Mount Martha
Mount Waverley
Mountain Gate
Mulgrave
Murrumbeena
Narre Warren East
Narre Warren North
Narre Warren South
Narre Warren
Newport
Niddrie
Noble Park
Noble Park North
North Melbourne
Melbourne Metro YHA
78 Howard Street
03 9329 8599
Melbourne Oasis YHA
76 Chapman Street
03 9328 3595
Adventure Melbourne YHA
180 Chetwynd Street
03 9642 5417
North Richmond
North Road
North Warrandyte
Northcote
Norwood
Notting Hill
Nunawading
Nutfield
Oak Park
Oaklands Junction
Oakleigh
Oakleigh East
Oakleigh South
Olinda
Olivers Hill
Ormond
Pakenham
Panton Hill
Park Orchards
Parkdale
Parkville
Melbourne Zoo
Elliott Avenue
Pascoe Vale South
Pascoe Vale
The Patch
Patterson Lakes
Pennydale
Plenty
Point Cook
RAAF Museum
open 10 AM daily
RAAF Williams, Point Cooke
Road
03 9256 1040
Port Melbourne
Portsea
Prahran
Preston
Princes Hill
Rangeview
Ravenhall
Regent West
Research
Reservoir
Richmond
Mountain Goat Beer
Mountain Goat started out
as a hobby in a backyard and now produces four hand-crafted, all natural ales –
Hightail Ale, Pale Ale, India Pale Ale and Surefoot Stout. Open Fridays
5pm–midnight
Corner North and Clark streets
Ringwood
Ringwood East
Ringwood North
Ripponlea
Robinson
Rockbank
Sundowner Rockbank
2057 Western Highway
03 9747 1340
Rosanna
Rosebud
Rosebud West
Rosebud Motel
1869 point Nepean Road
03 5985 2041
Rowville
Quality Inn Baton Rouge
1233 Stud Road
03 9764 5050
Arctic Fox Brewery
Arctic Fox is passionate
about making full flavoured, naturally brewed beers without the use of
chemicals or artificial preservatives. While not currently open to the public,
brewery tours are planned for the future.
Roxburgh Park
Rye
Safety Beach
Sandown Village
St Albans
St Helena
St Kilda
Luna Park
Lower Esplanade
1300 888272
ACCOMMODATION
St Kilda Beach apartments
80 Inkerman Street
0433 118334
Base Melbourne, St Kilda
17 Carlisle St
Sandhurst
Sandringham
Sassafras
Scoresby
Seabrook
Seaford
Seaholme
Seddon
Selby
Seville
Sherbrooke
Skye
Somerton
Sorrento
South Kingsville
South Melbourne
South Morang
South Wharf
South Yarra
Como Historic House and
Garden
corner of William Road and
Lechlade Avenue
open daily from 10 AM to 4
PM (September to June)
Wednesday Saturday and
Sunday from 10 AM to 4 p.m. (July to August)
Southbank
03 9827 2500
Royal Botanic Gardens
Melbourne
Birdwood Avenue
open daily 7:30 AM to dusk
03 9252 2300
The Olsen Boutique Hotel
637-641 Chapel St
03 9040 1222
Spotswood
Springvale
Sundowner Caravan and
Cabin Park
870 Princes Highway
03 9546 9587
Springvale South
Strathewen
Strathmore
Strathmore Heights
Studfield
Sunbury
Sunshine
Sunshine North
Sunshine West
Surrey Hills
Sydenham
Syndal
Tally Ho
Tarneit
Taylors Hill
Taylors Lakes
Tecoma
Templestowe
Templestowe Lower
The Basin
Thomastown
Thornbury
The 3 Ravens Brewing
Company
The 3 Ravens Brewing
Company produces a selection of superb beers; the smooth, honey coloured 3
Ravens Blond, the clearly impressive 3 Ravens White and the oatmeal stout known
as 3 Ravens Black.
Open for tours by appointment
1 Theobald Street
Toorak
Tootgarook
Tottenham
Travancore
Tremont
Truganina
Tullamarine
Upfield
Upper Ferntree Gully
Dandenong Ranges & Knox
Visitor Information Centre
1211 Burwood Highway Upper Ferntree Gully
03 9758 7522
Upwey
Vermont
Vermont South
Viewbank
Wandin North
Wantirna
Wantirna Caravan Park
203 Mountain Highway
03 9887 1157
Wantirna South
Warrandyte
Warrandyte South
Warranwood
Waterways
Watsonia
Watsonia North
Watsons Creek
Wattle Glen
Waverley Park
Werribee
Werribee Visitor
Information Centre
Wyndham Cultural Centre
177 Watton Street
03 9742 0906
Werribee Open Range Zoo
K Road
Werribee Park
K Road
Sofitel Werribee Park
Mansion Hotel and Spa
K Road
03 9731 4000
Shadowfax Winery
K Road
03 9731 4420
Werribee South
Werribee South Caravan
Park
39 Beach Rd
03 9742 1755
West Footscray
Westmeadows
Wheelers Hilll
Williamstown
Hobsons Bay Visitor
Information Centre
Cnr Syme Street and Nelson
Place Williamstown
03 9932 4310
Melbourne Seaplanes
Gem Pier
Williamstown Maritime
Museum
Windsor
Wishart
Wonga Park
Woori Yallock
Wyndham Vale
Yallambie
Yarrambat
Yarraville
Yarraville West
Yellingbo
Yuroke
